symbiotics colostrum What Is Symbiosis?

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts!
This fact file is all about explaining What Is Symbiosis.

Join Leo, our presenter, as he tells you all about Symbiosis.
What is symbiosis?

Okay, so first of all. Just what is symbiosis? Well… symbiosis is relationship where two different species co-exist and at least one derives benefit from the other. The name for an organism with a symbiotic relationship is a symbiont.

Two animals of the same species can have symbiotic relationships.

What are some examples of symbiotic relationships?
Clownfish are a common example of symbiosis. They benefit from an anemone by living inside it and being protected from predators who, if they came too near, would find themselves stung.

In return, the anemone benefits from the clownfish, who help increase the oxygen flow by wiggling in and out of the tentacles. This is a mutualism relationship as the two partners rely on each other.

Another example is between barnacles and whales. Barnacles rely on currents to bring food past them in order to eat. However, some have attached themselves to the sides of various sea life, such as whales, in order to have a better position for catching food. This is an example of commensalism as the the whale neither benefits nor is harmed by the barnacles.

The last type of symbiosis, parasitism, can be portrayed by a cow and a tick. The tick feeds off the cows blood for food and nourishment. The cow, in return, is now more vulnerable to diseases and infection. Only the tick benefits in this parasitic relationship and is also obligate. An obligate relationship means either one or both partners cannot live without the other. In this case, the tick needs the cow for all its needs.

What are the different types of Symbiosis?

There are multiple different versions of symbiotic relationships in which the two partners are benefitted in different ways. When both partners benefit from their relationship, it is known as mutualism. They rely on each other for food or protection in return for something else.

However, sometimes only one of the partners benefit. An example of this is parasitism. The parasite gets nourishment from a host, usually without killing it. Parasites are never beneficial to their host, and unlike in mutualism the host gets nothing in return for the parasite feeding off it.

In addition to mutualism and parasitism, there is another variety of symbiosis, called commensalism. Similar to parasitism, in a commensalism relationship only one of the two organisms or species is benefitted, but in this case it manages to do so without causing any harm to the host.

Mutualism is different from the other two types of symbiosis, because in this variety both the creatures benefit. Therefore, there is no host, and the partners are equal, however one of them will tend to be more dominant.

Most types of mutualism are facultative, meaning that the partners can live apart successfully. Whereas some relationships of mutualism are so close that the interacting species are unable to live without each other. A symbiotic relationship where the partners would be unable to continue living if separated is known as an obligate relationship. In commensalism or parasitism, the relationship is usually obligate for the parasite, since they depend on the host for almost all their needs. At the same time the host is in a facultative relationship because it does not need the parasite and would be better off without it.

One variety of commensalism is inquilinism, in which the commensal species makes use of the host's nest or habitat, without inconveniencing the host.

Lets say theres a bird nesting in a tree in your garden. Suppose you benefit from the bird, through enjoying its song or its colours. This relationship could be an example of mutualism as the bird also benefits by using your garden (or your habitat) as a place of shelter.

The bird example is also a case of inquilinism; as it is using your garden non-intrusively and is not inconveniencing you, the host. However, if the bird had been inconveniencing you, by either flying into your house and stealing food or just leaving their bird droppings on the carpet, it would be very similar to parasitism where the bird is taking advantage of you by stealing your food whilst also inconveniencing you by leaving your carpet bleached white with feaces.

Inquilinism is sort of a cross between commensalism and parasitism. There are cases of a creature using another's habitat in a parasitic way. Such the European cuckoo, which leaves its offspring in the nests of other birds to be raised by them.

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symbiotics colostrum What Is Symbiosis?
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